- description/definition
- sequence
- chronological
- cause and effect
- compare/contrast
- problem and solution
- classification
--State Standards Writing 2a, Reading Informational Text 5
There is also a sort of sequence called spacial -- like the book pages we arranged.
Text Structure
|
Signal Words
|
Description/definition
|
For example, to illustrate, characteristics of, for instance
such as…, to begin with, an example, characteristics are, is
•It emphasizes sizes, shapes, colors, and details.
*Look for the topic word (or a synonym or pronoun) to be repeated. |
Sequence
|
before, after, first, second, next, then, finally, following,
not long after, now, soon, when, previously, etc. |
Chronological
|
before, after, first, second, next, then, finally, following,
not long after, now, soon, in the end (dates, years, times, etc.) |
Cause and Effect
|
as a consequence, reasons why, so, because, since, therefore, if…then, this led to,
as a result, may be due to, effect of, consequently, for this reason |
Compare/Contrast
|
alike, different, same as, similar, resemble, as well as, not only…but also, both, instead of, on the other hand, different from, however, although, more than, less than, on the contrary,
as opposed to |
Problem/Solution
|
dilemma, question is…, the puzzle is…, to solve this…,
one answer is…, issue, |
Classification
*Look for the overall topic word to be repeated. | categories, characteristics, classes, classify, divide, dimensions, elements, features, groups, kinds, methods, aspects, (numbers), parts, sorts, types, ways |
For many signal words and questions in Spanish, see the second page of this document:
https://staff.rockwood.k12.mo.us/hermachcheryl/9lamaterials/Documents/LA_TextStructureSignalQuestions.pdfIf you would like extra practice, try this Text Structure Online Quiz: http://www.quia.com/quiz/1137258.html
And here is a PowerPoint:
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