Finishing up your map for reducing and retaining your learning about the Lewis and Clark Expedition (The Journey of the Corps of Discovery).
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Lewis and Clark Expedition (The Journey of the Corps of Discovery
Towns from the map on the back of your reading packet (Do not include Portland, Oregon.)
The history of Portland, Oregon, began in 1843 on the Willamette River in what was then called Oregon Country. In 1845 the name of Portland was chosen for this community and on February 8, 1851, the city was incorporated.
Jefferson -- became president in 1801, his home was Monticello, Louisiana Purchase 1803,
picked Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition.
Lewis -- an army officer, Jefferson's secretary, 28 years old, took his dog Seaman
Clark -- had been Lewis' commanding officer in the army, had retired from the army, 32 years old, Lewis asked him to come as a co-leader, excellent mapmaker
Louisiana Purchase -- 1803, $15 million dollars, nearly doubled the size of the U.S.
Preparing for the expedition -- Lewis studies in Philadelphia, Clark gathers up men for the expedition
Lewis picked up the keelboat on his way to St. Louis
Camp Dubois near St. Louis December 1803-May 1804
Leaving St. Louis -- May 1804 The expedition began on May 21, 1804
55 ft. keelboat and 2 pirogues
Progress upriver -- about 10-15 miles per day
camped on river islands when they could for safety
Traveled 600 miles before they met any Indians (other than the Indians they had already known around St. Louis)
worried about the Teton Sioux
Sergeant Floyd -- Sergeant Charles Floyd became the first U.S. soldier to die west of the Mississippi August 20, 1804 -- probably a burst appendix
Almost had a fight with the Teton Sioux
Discovering new species -- prairie dogs, mule deer, antelopes, coyotes, bison, magpies, etc. -- about 120 new species of animals and 180 species of plants.
They reached what is now North Dakota by October of 1804, and set up a winter camp, Fort Mandan, amidst the Knife River Indian Villages.
Fort Mandan -- near the large Mandan and Hidatsa villages
Toussaint Charbonneau was a trapper who had two Shoshone wives -- hired by Lewis and Clark
Charbonneau, Toussaint. About 47 in 1805, he was the oldest person on the expedition. A French Canadian trader, he had lived among the Hidatsas for several years before the Corps of Discovery hired him as interpreter.
Sacagawea -- a Shoshone had been kidnapped by the Hidatsa years before, now sixteen years old and pregnant. She would accompany them on the journey.
Jean Baptiste Charbonneau (Pompey) February 11, 1805
Lewis helped her with the birth -- giving her a "medicine" [a small mixture of water and the crushed rings of a rattlesnake to help induce birth] that was supposed to help her labor. She did deliver soon after.
Lewis helped her with the birth -- giving her a "medicine" [a small mixture of water and the crushed rings of a rattlesnake to help induce birth] that was supposed to help her labor. She did deliver soon after.
In April they sent back the keelboat with some of the men they thought would be the least helpful on the rest of the journey. The keelboat was loaded with. . . .
reports, specimens, maps, at least one live prairie dog and live magpies.
reports, specimens, maps, at least one live prairie dog and live magpies.
continuing the journey
6 dugout canoes and the 2 pirogues
One of the pirogues turns over -- Sacajawea saves important items
April 29, 1805 -- first encounter with a grizzly bear -- actually 2
end of May saw the mountains for the first time
June 3 reached the fork in the river -- didn't know which way to go -- scouting parties
Lewis and Clark came to a decision -- the men were willing to follow them, even though most thought they had chosen the wrong way.
the Great Falls -- June 13 -- Lewis first white man to see them
5 falls 12+ miles long -- a long, hard portage around them
carry their boats over land for almost 20 miles.
June 16, Clark rejoins Lewis
5 falls 12+ miles long -- a long, hard portage around them
carry their boats over land for almost 20 miles.
June 16, Clark rejoins Lewis
portage
Looking for the Shoshones
Looking for the Shoshones
Finding the Shoshones and horses -- Cameahwait, the chief, was Sacajawea's brother!
Later met the Nez Perce -- [said they were the kindest, friendliest?] [But didn't the Indians almost kill them untill an old woman intervened?-- Was that the Nez Perce?]
They left their horses with the Nez Perce, picking them up again on their way back.
Columbia River
Pacific Ocean -- middle of November
The vote -- first time a black man and/or a woman had voted in an election in the U.S.
Fort Clatsop their winter quarters
March 1806 left for home
began the return trip March 23, 1806, and stayed again with the Nez Perce waiting for the winter snows to melt on the Lolo Trail.
March 1806 left for home
began the return trip March 23, 1806, and stayed again with the Nez Perce waiting for the winter snows to melt on the Lolo Trail.
On the return home
split up the parties to explore different routes
Lewis and nine men would explore the Marias River to the north, while Clark and the others would head for the Yellowstone River in the south.
Lewis and three of the men separated from their small group for a few days and headed even further north.
Lewis and his three companions, George Drouillard and the Field brothers, Joseph and Reubin, spent July 22 to July 26, 1806, at Camp Disappointment, the northernmost campsite of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
It was Lewis' group which suffered the expeditions only deadly hostile encounter with American Indians at Two Medicine Fight Site. ( 2 members of the Blackfeet tribe known as the Piegans died -- no members of the expedition died.)
Meanwhile, Clark and his group crossed the divide on July 8 and descended into the territory of the Crow tribe, the great horse thieves of the Plains. On July 21 the party awoke to find half of their horses gone. Yet they never saw a Crow.
Lewis
Shot in the rear
On August 11 one of Clark's group, while out hunting, shot at what he thought was an elk—and hit a buckskin-clad Lewis instead. The shot passed through Lewis’s left thigh, inflicting a painful but not fatal wound.
Clark's group generally retraced the outbound route to the Three Forks of the Missouri and then overland to the Yellowstone River, which they followed to its juncture with the Missouri River, where both groups reunited on August 12th.
When they reached St. Louis -- September 1806 -- Lewis sends a letter to Jefferson
They stop to visit Clark's Sister
Lewis goes on to Monticello -- his letter had taken 31 days to arrive
Reporting to Jefferson
Lewis governor of Louisiana Territory
Clark governor of Missouri Territory
Lewis dies -- probably suicide (He had long struggled with bouts of depression.)
Clark marries, has ten children, eventually gives York his freedom, raises Sacajawea's son
The U.S. spent $40,000 on the expedition.
Because of their expedition, the U.S. was able to claim the Oregon Territory.
They blazed the way for mountain men, other explorers, pioneers, etc.
The U.S. spent $40,000 on the expedition.
Because of their expedition, the U.S. was able to claim the Oregon Territory.
They blazed the way for mountain men, other explorers, pioneers, etc.
Helpful sites:
http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/lewisandclark/index.htm
at a total cost to the American taxpayer of $40,000.
It strengthened the United State's position in the struggle for control of North America, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. Lewis and Clark's trek also inspired explorers, trappers, traders, hunters, adventurers, prospectors, homesteaders, ranchers, soldiers, businessman and missionaries to move westward--spurring a century of rapid settlement which peopled the West with European-Americans and disrupted the cultures and lifestyles of countless American Indians.
They made the first attempt at a systematic record of the meteorology of the West, and less successfully attempted to determine the latitude and longitude of significant geographical points. Through the Expedition's peaceful cooperation with the American Indian tribes they met, they compiled the first general survey of life and material culture of the tribes of the Missouri, Rocky Mountains and the Northwest coast.
Lewis and Clark also made significant additions to the zoological and botanical knowledge of the continent, describing at least 120 mammals, birds, reptiles and fish, as well as almost 200 plant specimens.
at a total cost to the American taxpayer of $40,000.
It strengthened the United State's position in the struggle for control of North America, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. Lewis and Clark's trek also inspired explorers, trappers, traders, hunters, adventurers, prospectors, homesteaders, ranchers, soldiers, businessman and missionaries to move westward--spurring a century of rapid settlement which peopled the West with European-Americans and disrupted the cultures and lifestyles of countless American Indians.
They made the first attempt at a systematic record of the meteorology of the West, and less successfully attempted to determine the latitude and longitude of significant geographical points. Through the Expedition's peaceful cooperation with the American Indian tribes they met, they compiled the first general survey of life and material culture of the tribes of the Missouri, Rocky Mountains and the Northwest coast.
Lewis and Clark also made significant additions to the zoological and botanical knowledge of the continent, describing at least 120 mammals, birds, reptiles and fish, as well as almost 200 plant specimens.
Jefferson in the White House: http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/jeffersonwhitehouse.htm
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